Essay about A New Educational Philosophy for Law...

Since the mid 1980’s there has been a paradigm shift in law enforcement from the military policing model to the community oriented policing model (Breci Erickson, 1998; Pliant, 1998; Rosenbaum Yeh, 1994; Thayer Reynolds, 1997; Varricchio, 1998). In the military model, police react to events in the community (Thayer Reynolds, 1997). Community problems filter up the chain of command and solutions filter their way back down. Police respond when a crime is committed. There is little contact with the members of the community until the crime has already happened. Therefore, contact with the public tends to be through negative situations such as getting a ticket, having a house searched, or bailing a friend or family member out of jail†¦show more content†¦There must be a commitment on the part of city leaders and police administration. A department wide strategy must be in place to carry out the community oriented policing program. Finally, all personnel in the departme nt, including civilian employees, must be educated on the philosophy of community policing. Law enforcement’s transition away from a militaristic tradition that presented an â€Å"us vs. them† relationship with the community will be a difficult process. A shift in educational philosophy will be required to make this transition. To effectively train today’s law enforcement officers there must be a move away from the Behaviorist philosophy of education in which the teacher feeds knowledge to a dependant learner and then the learner is expected to reproduce the knowledge in some clearly observable behavioral outcome (Ramirez, 1996; Elias Merriam, 1995). To realistically educate all personnel in the organization and make the transition, the educational philosophy of the department should be compatible with the community policing approach. Educational philosophies can be viewed along a continuum. Philosophical positions fall along this continuum depending on how one views the importance of the individual and society and the involvement of the learner in the education process. |----------------------|-------------------|------------------|------------------| RadicalShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of A Teaching Philosophy Statement1408 Words   |  6 PagesThe Role of a Teaching Philosophy Statement (TPS) Personal development is one aspect of gaining new information to enhance skills, abilities and overall knowledge. The development of a TPS, is a personal analysis of general concepts of teaching, learning, observations and experiences, transferred into the learning environment (Caukin, 2017). Consequently, the statement is intimate, insightful, with an inclusion of personal views of the aspects of teaching, foundation of learning, in addition toRead MoreImplementing The President s Task Force On 21st Century Policing Essay1749 Words   |  7 PagesPresident’s Task Force on the 21st Century Policing, which sought to recommend steps forward. Under the banners of ‘Building Trust and Legitimacy’, ‘Policy and Oversight’, ‘Technology and Social Media’, ‘Community Policing and Crime Reduction’, ‘Officer Training and Education’, and ‘Officer Safety and Wellness’ – here are concise definitions for e ach one and what they mean for American policing (Final report of the resident’s task force on 21st century policing, 2015). Society in general have showed theRead More21st Century Policing Enforcement Agencies Essay1597 Words   |  7 PagesRobert Boney/SLMPD The nation was jarred by events that occurred in 2014 in Ferguson, Missouri; Staten Island, New York; Cleveland, Ohio; and in 2015 in Baltimore, Maryland. These events which followed officer-involved incidents in these American cities and around the nation exposed deep divides between communities and their police departments. As the discord reached a fever pitch, law enforcement agencies nationwide began the process of self-evaluation, reflecting on policies and practices and implementingRead MorePolice Training: a Modern Approach Essay5040 Words   |  21 PagesPolice Training: A Modern Approach American Military University CMRJ499 Criminal Justice Senior Seminar April 26, 2011 Police Training: A Modern Approach This research paper will examine the idea that traditional police training methods are inefficient for modern adult learners and new methods and techniques need to be utilized to ensure that today’s police force remains highly trained, professional and effective. The theory behind my thesis statementRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Police Officer1827 Words   |  8 Pagesto protect its citizens. The process of improving police conduct and addressing educational needs has been slow with recommendations as far back as the early 1900s. Commissions, such as Wickersham and the President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice suggested a link between education and ethical behavior. Recommendations were made to increase the learning of police officers through training and formal education. The common belief was education would reduce corruptionRead MoreAn Offender Reentry Plan Will Keep the Citizens of Hawaii Safer.1709 Words   |  7 PagesThe State of Hawaii utilizes the Hawaii Department of Public Safety to ensure public safety and security while living and working on the island paradise. It consists of three divisions the administration, corrections and law enforcement. The department receives an annual budget of 225 million dollars. The corrections division under the Department of Public Safety plays a key role in overseeing the management of jails and prisons. Part of its role is to fulfill its mission of implementing a successfulRead MorePolice Enforcement And Community Policing1657 Words   |  7 Pages Over the past few decades community policing has become a new trend in law enforcement. A majority of contemporary police departments now claim to use community policing. Community policing builds on basic policing practices with an emphasis on crime prevention and lasting solutions to problems. Community policing was established in the 1970s, but did not become popular until the 1990s. The goal of community policing is to rebuild the bond between citizens and police officers, while at the sameRead MoreCommunity Policing And The Police1755 Words   |  8 Pagescooperation are the basis of Sir Robert Peel stated that the ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent upon public approval of police actions and they must secure the willing co-operation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect of the public (Larrabee, 2007). There has been a movement in the United States police reform which has resulted in a powerful emergent from community policing and Compstat. Community policing is understoodRead MoreDifference Between Law Enforcement And Crime Enforcement2549 Words   |  11 PagesLaw Enforcement: Differences in types of law enforcement jobs as well as the difference in salary and where you decide to work, including certain programs and methods to be involved in. Think about going into the law enforcement field, What are the capabilities needed to have or the way of handling things? First off, being involved in any type of law enforcement career whether its an FBI or CIA agent, Police officer/ Detective, U.S Marshal, K-9 officer, an investigator, security or an undercoverRead MoreThe Board Of Directors And Leadership At Hsbc Finance Corporation1426 Words   |  6 Pagesexcelled in some areas and have struggled in others, such as growing a strong and stable reputation. The company has been forced to be mindful of all transactions and act ethically in every financial deal. Not only has company policy changed but also laws, enabling the government if needed to come in and audit its’ processes. The Board of Directors and leadership at HSBC Finance Corp is expected to promote the company’s values as stated in the Corporate Governance Standards, and come from a diverse

Effects And Effects Of Sleep Deprivation - 1286 Words

Effects of Sleep Deprivation Sleep is important for good health. Studies show that not getting enough sleep or getting poor quality sleep on a regular basis increases the risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, and other medical conditions. In addition, during sleep, your body produces valuable hormones. These hormones help children grow and help adults and children build muscle mass, fight infections, and repair cells. Hormones released during sleep also affect how the body uses energy. Studies find that the fewer hours people sleep, the more likely they are to be overweight or obese, develop diabetes, and prefer eating foods high in calories and carbohydrates. Sleep is essential for a person’s health and well-being, according to†¦show more content†¦Common triggers include school- or job-related pressures, a family or marriage problem and a serious illness or death in the family. Usually, the sleep problem disappears when the stressful situation passes. However, if short-term sleep problems such as insomnia arent managed properly from the beginning, they can persist long after the original stress has passed. Environmental factors such as a room thats too hot or cold, too noisy or too brightly lit can be a barrier to sound sleep. And interruptions from children or other family members can also disrupt sleep. Other influences to pay attention to are the comfort and size of your bed and the habits of your sleep partner. If you have to lie beside someone who has different sleep preferences, snores, cant fall or stay asleep, or has other sleep difficulties, it often becomes your problem too! According to a long-term study published in the 2004 April issue of Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, young teenagers whose preschool sleep habits were poor were more than twice as likely to use drugs, tobacco or alcohol. This finding was made by the University of Michigan Health System as part of a family health study that followed 257 boys and their parents for 10 years. The study found a significant connection between sleep problems in children and later drug use, even when other issues s uch as depression, aggression, attention problems and parentalShow MoreRelatedSleep Deprivation And Its Effect On Sleep849 Words   |  4 PagesSleep is a necessity in which, its value has been undercut. People of all ages, from college students, to middle-aged adult, have experienced the effect of sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation is has poisoned the positive affects sleep has on ones life. In order to challenge the effects of sleep deprivation and study its effect on me, I conducted an experiment designed by James B. Mass. This experiment was created in 1991 to help students determine if they were truly sleep deprived. Out of the 15Read MoreSleep Deprivation And Its Effects1738 Words   |  7 PagesSleep is a major component of human life, taking up almost a third of an individual’s lifetime and allowing the brain to process an individual’s experiences, thoughts, and memories. Proper sleep is vital to maintaining good health, as it is associated with maintenanc e of many of the body’s processes such as metabolism and disease prevention. This has become difficult as this modernizing world is completely changing the lifestyles of societies, and therefore the patterns of human sleep, due to schoolRead MoreSleep Deprivation And Its Effects1480 Words   |  6 Pagesnight of sleep, a person may not feel restored and refreshed and sleepy during the day, but be totally unaware that the person is sleep deprived. A person might just think it is just the stress of work, and school or this is just normal the way you normally feel and had no idea that you should feel differently. Sleep is one of the things we need to survive, getting less hours of sleep and not sleeping well is not good for your body both physically and mentally. Every day sleep deprivation in increasingRead MoreSleep Deprivation And Its Effects910 Words   |  4 PagesSleep what is? Seems like it should be an obvious thing to everyone you go to sleep when you’re tired and awake when you’re rested though the unfortunate reality, most of us take sleep for granted and deprive ourselves of a vital our brain needs to function at its fullest. First and foremost the concept that everyone needs 8hours of sleep is false for most adults there is slight variation some of us are perfectly capable of functioning with 6 hours others need those few extra winks of 9 hours a nightRead MoreEffects of Sleep Deprivation881 Words   |  4 PagesSleep is an essential part of life. Without sleep, the body does not get the energy that it needs to function. Yet a large amount of people do not get anywhere near the amount of sleep they need. Whether it is because of medical reasons or because there just is not enough time in the day, sleep deprivation is a major problem in todays society. The many people who do not get enough sleep usually end up suffering the consequences. No good can come from not getting enough sleep. Sleep deprivation hasRead MoreThe Effects O f Sleep Deprivation710 Words   |  3 Pages Sleep Deprivation. How lack of sleep affects you? I bet everyone stayed awake for 24 hours at least once a life. Why has sleep deprivation become such a big issue? Firstly, the global human problem is that teenagers, especially high school or college students spend their nights on parties, in front of the computers playing games or some of them even doing their homework. As well, a lot of workers or workaholics spend their nighttime doing tasks and willing to skip sleep in order to impress theirRead MoreEffects Of Sleep Deprivation. Sleep Deprivation Is, Irrefutably,962 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Sleep Deprivation Sleep deprivation is, irrefutably, a massive health concern among Americans. Innumerable studies have been performed in hopes of finding out the perfect amount of sleep for a healthy lifestyle. Even though an average of 8-9 hours of sleep is practically unanimously recommended by health professionals, there is a huge discrepancy between that and the actual amount of sleep that teenagers in America are getting on average. The article â€Å"Go To Bed!† by Kerry Grens describesRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep And Sleep Deprivation On The Body1267 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Sleep and Sleep Deprivation Has on the Body. Specific Purpose: To inform the audience about why we need sleep and what happens if you are sleep deprived. Thesis: Sleep is crucial for any living creature and lacking an adequate amount of sleep is detrimental to health. Introduction Attention Getter: Many of us will spend about a third of our lives sleeping, yet don’t know why we need sleep or how important it is for the body. Did you know you can die faster from sleep deprivation thanRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Sleep Disorders971 Words   |  4 Pagesbecome more about of society there has been a trend in people who are not getting a full night’s rest. According to the National Commission on Sleep Disorders Research, â€Å"at least 40 million Americans suffer from chronic, long-term sleep disorders† (Sleep Disorders and Sleeping Problems†). There are several causes for the increase in lack of sleep or sleep deprivation; which include, using electronics late at night, using your bed for more than just sleeping, and anxiety. As a result, of more American’sRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Sleep Disorders926 Words   |  4 PagesCommission on Sleep Disorders Research, â€Å"at least 40 million Americans suffer from chronic, long-term sleep disorders† (Sleep Disorders and Sleeping Problems†). There are several causes for the increase in lack of sleep or sleep deprivation; which include, using electronics late at night, using your bed for more than just sleeping, and anxiety. As a result of modern technology, there are many people who every now and then don’t sleep well, but there are several who experience what is called sleep deprivation:

Social Inclusion And Intellectual And Developmental...

Social inclusion is a social society in which differences are respected, values are shared and basic needs are meant through fair social interactions. Most importantly, in a socially inclusive society all members are acceptable and enabled full participation within the society (Victorian Government Health Information, Australia., n.d). In regards, to social inclusion among people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) the social dynamics of these circumstances can be more complex then traditionally anticipated. In the United States of American six and a half million people, on average, have intellectual and or developmental disabilities. This translates into two and a half percent of the population (Morstad 2010). Globally, about two hundred million people have intellectual and or developmental disabilities. Worldwide, this makes up for three percent of the global population (Status and Prospects of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities). As organizations and case studies for intellectual and developmental disabilities become more prevalent so does the knowledge of capabilities of these individuals. Some examples of these organizations include Special Olympics, Best Buddies, Easter Seals, 321 Foundation, and the National Disability Rights Network. These organizations work to promote equal rights for persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities through athletic opportunities, education, work force, health services and in communities across theShow MoreRelatedThe American Association Of Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities Essay1386 Words   |  6 Pagessimple adult daily living activities, such as hygiene and self-care. People with disabilities may be restricted from participating in events in society because of their functional disabilities. Environmental and personal factors also play a role in affecting people’s lives (CDC, 2014). According to the U.S. Department of Justice (2009): An individual with a disability is defined by the American with Disabilities Act (ADA) as a person who has a physical or mental impairment that substantiallyRead MoreSummary Of The Tenets Of Waldorf Curriculum983 Words   |  4 PagesEducation approach, mainstream public schools take the realism approach whereby a child is a biological-social being (non-spiritual) with few or no inherent talents and capabilities and it is the role of the environment and teachers to impart knowledge through mastery. This paper will provide a critical analysis of the tenets of the Waldorf curriculum. Analysis of the Tenets of Waldorf curriculum Developmental stages form the basis of Waldorf education pedagogy. The education process is a gradual stepwiseRead MoreIntellectual Disabilities And Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder1493 Words   |  6 PagesGood evening Dr. Joseph and fellow colleagues, I am Samantha and this is Kezia and we will like to share with you for a few minutes our findings in relation to intellectual disabilities and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Our presentation this evening will be in the form of audio-visual. These topics are very broad topics, but due to limitations of time we would only be able to cover a few points in that space of time. We will try to make it as interesting and informative as possible, butRead MoreUnderstanding Services for Developmental Disabilities1013 Words   |  5 PagesAs a parent, learning that your child has developmental disabilities can be a life altering moment in time and can cause a devastating chain reaction of events. These events have the poten tial to change family priorities and structure, hurt relationships, deplete financial savings and stability, and emotionally drain everyone intimately involved with you and your child. How do you find human services programs, agencies, or advocates, whose primary job is to help you provide everything your childRead MoreThe Field Of Special Education1387 Words   |  6 Pageschallenging. The undertaking is prodigious, but when a child with disabilities flourishes under the direction of a special education teacher’s leadership, the outcome is life altering for both. The main goal for a student with special needs is for the student to acquire skills that are vital to achieve placement in a regular education classroom and be able to take part in the class on a daily basis. In order for a strategy of inclusion to be successful, effective collaboration between the parents andRead MoreThe Importance Of Inclusion, Equality And The Communication Access Rights Of A Person With Disab ilities890 Words   |  4 Pagesjustification will outline the importance of inclusion, equality and the communication access rights of a person with intellectual disability (ID) in a gym. This is because a gym provide many benefits such as reduced chances of obesity and related conditions and better overall health status (Warburton, 2006). RIGHTS Using the Disability Discrimination Act 1992 by the Australian Government (1992) and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities by the UN General Assembly (2007), the rightsRead MoreIntroduction. In Their 1995 Book Tinkering Toward Utopia:1740 Words   |  7 Pagesrates led to the formation of the IQ test. The categorization of students by their level of intelligence followed suit. By the early twentieth century, special schools were developed for retarded children to provide them with opportunities for intellectual growth equal to those of their peers. As the twentieth century wore on and racial segregation waned, culminating in Brown v. Board of Education, education came to be viewed as a right for all children. The 1970’s brought radical reform to specialRead MoreIntellectual And Developmental Disabilities And Emotional Or Behavioral Disorders1256 Words   |  6 Pages Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and Emotional or Behavioral Disorders Natasha Hoaglen California State University, Chico â€Æ' Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities and Emotional or Behavioral Disorders Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Description Characteristics Intellectual and developmental disabilities [ID and DD] are defined as those having â€Å"significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, andRead More The Importance of Inclusive Education in Australia Essay808 Words   |  4 Pagesfamous quote by an unknown author about celebrating individual differences. Difference is defined by Ashman and Elkins; as varying levels of social, emotional, physical and intellectual qualities that make us all different from other people (Ashman Elkins, 2009). In today’s world this is viewed as society’s version of normality (Ashman Elkins, 2009). Inclusion involves the incorporation of all types of differences into a mainstream classroom (Ashman Elkins, 2009). It is unfortunate that evenRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Children s Learning1164 Words   |  5 PagesMy philosophy of children’s learning relies heavily within the aspects of the cognitive developmental philosophy, Piaget’s framework, which is grounded within all realms of development in early childhood. The cognitive based philosophy highlights a program that encourages students to build knowledge in an atmosphere molded around active exploration. This approach captures learning with enriching materials, filled with opportunities to engage with other classmates through socialization, play, and

The Canterbury Tales Character Sketch - 956 Words

Author Geoffrey Chaucer describes in-depth several characters who intend to embark on a religious pilgrimage in his piece The Canterbury Tales. One of the prominently featured characters is the Friar. The Friar is certainly one of the most unorthodox characters in the piece who is the antithesis of the character qualities expected of a friar. Chaucer’s description and implications reveal that the Friar is an adulterous, cold-hearted individual with a disingenuous personality that is rooted in his self-absorbed nature. Chaucer’s description of the Friar is quite extensive comparative to that of the other pilgrims he discusses, allowing the reader to develop a complete picture of him. Throughout the description, Chaucer reveals the†¦show more content†¦He reveals, â€Å"He was an easy man for absolution Where he looked forward to a contribution† (67 lines 218-219). The Friar blatantly contradicts his calling to uphold Scripture by granting absolution in ex change for a bribe. This clearly indicates that the Friar is not concerned with the welfare of others but rather is interested in profiting from their sins. The Friar’s inconsiderate nature is further revealed by Chaucer when he describes how the Friar would react to an encounter with a direly impoverished woman. Chaucer predicts, â€Å"Should a woman have no shoes against the snow, So pleasant was his ‘In principio’ He would have her widow’s mite before he went† (68 lines 245-247). It is quite uncommon to characterize a friar, whose duty it is to minister to the poor, as an individual who would express no willingness to aid a woman in desperate poverty. Yet Chaucer describes the Friar as one who would exhibit such an indifferent, cold-hearted response. In both of these scenarios, Chaucer illustrates the Friar’s contrasting interactions with the public and his lovers, which reveals his disingenuous personality. Not only does the discrepancy b etween public and private interactions indicate the Friar’s disingenuous personality, but also Chaucer’s description of his behavior around those individuals who can offer him something. Chaucer explains, â€Å"To deal with such riffraff; but with the rich, With sellers ofShow MoreRelated Women in Anglo-Saxon England Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pagesposition in society. Character Analysis The Wife of Bath In the fourteenth century, English poet Geoffrey Chaucer wrote his famous work called The Canterbury Tales. He was one of the first writers to pay attention not only to noble characters, but to people from the lower and middle classes. One of his outstanding characters is Dame Alisoun, called the Wife of Bath. She is a very open, straightforward woman that impresses me the most of all the characters in The Canterbury Tales. I believe that sheRead MoreWilliam Blake was born in London on November 28, 1757 to James and Catherine Blake. His father,1600 Words   |  7 Pagesantiquities, due to the high cost of drawing school (Merriman 2). During his seven year apprenticeship, Blake learned the skills he would need for his career as a professional engraver and painter (Ross 1). Basire exposed Blake to Gothic styles, having him sketch images of tombs and monuments in Gothic churches and Westminster Abby. There, Blake was inspired for his own eventual illustrations (Merriman 2). In 1778 Bl ake attended the Royal Academy, but soon left after having disagreements about art with theRead MoreAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 Pages Rationalism / Age of Enlightenment period of American Literature - 1750-1800 Content: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · national mission and American character democratic utopia use of reason history is an act of individual and national self-assertion Genre/Style: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · political pamphlets travel writing highly ornate writing style fiction employs generic plots and characters fiction often tells the story of how an innocent young woman is tested by a seductive male Effect: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · patriotism growsRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagescombination of all three reasons. At all events, a similar method of presentation is apparent in one of the principal sources of The Aim of the Sage, the encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity (Ihwà ¢n al-Safà ¢). What follows is a survey of the whole, with a sketch of the sources, as far as they can at present be identified. No attempt has been made to impose a logical order on the illogicality of the book. Book I In the preface, after some autobiographical material, the author gives his reason for writing the

Warren and Rehnquist and the Effects of Major Court Cases on the Law Enforcement of Today Free Essays

Have you thought about how much the Supreme Court decisions really affect your life and what we do on a daily basis or how important these decisions are to our civil liberties? Earl Warren and William Rehnquist are two of the most well knows Supreme Court Chief Justices. Each having different opinions on the importance’s of civil liberties and public order maintenance. Many of the court cases that each Chief Justice would hear would change the very way that we live today. We will write a custom essay sample on Warren and Rehnquist and the Effects of Major Court Cases on the Law Enforcement of Today or any similar topic only for you Order Now As well as how law enforcement interact with regards to the 5th, 6th, 8th, and 14th Amendments. In this essay we will discuss compare and contrast the Chief Justice Earl Warrens Court versus the William Rehnquist Court, with special regards to how they effected the law enforcements, then finally addressing how the current Supreme Court balances out civil liberties against public order maintenance. Earl Warren was born on March 19, 1891 in Los Angeles, California. He attended the University of California, Berkeley, he majored in political science for three years before entering UBS’s School of Law. He received his B. S. degree in 1912 and his J. D. degree in 1914. On May 14, he was admitted to the California Bar (http://warren. csd. edu/about/biography. html). After he graduated Warren got hired on at law offices in San Francisco and Oakland. In 1925, he was appointed Alameda County district attorney when the incumbent resigned. He won election to the post in his own right in 1926,1930, and 1934. During his fourteen years as district attorney, Warren developed a reputatio n as a crime fighter. In those years he never had a conviction reversed by a higher court. Earl Warren was a republican although he had broad bipartisan support because of his centrist to liberal views. He was then elected to governorships of California in 1942, 1946, and 1950. In 1953 President Dwight D. Eisenhower appointed Earl Warren the fourteenth Chief Justice of the United States. Earl Warren is one of the most well know Chief Justice because of his most popular Supreme Court decisions in the case Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, 1955, which ended segregation in school. This decision and many others like this are important cases that the Earl Warren Court made. The Warren Court left a legacy of judicial activism in civil rights law and individual liberties. The focus was specifically on the rights of the accused as addressed in Amendments 4 through 8. In the period from 1961 to 1969, the Warren Court examined almost every aspect of the criminal justice system in the United States, using the 14th Amendment to extend constitutional protections to all courts in every State. This process became known as the â€Å"nationalization† of the Bill of Rights. The Warren Court’s revolution in the criminal justice system began with the case of Mapp vs. Ohio (367 U. S. 643 [1961]) (http://www. infoplease. com/us/supreme-court/cases/ar19. html). In 1957 Cleveland, Ohio, police thought a bombing suspect, and illegal betting equipment might be in Dollree Mapp’s home. Three officers went to Mapp’s home and asked permission to search, but Mapp refused. Mapp requested the police obtain a search warrant. Two officers left the home while one remained. About three hours later, the two officers returned with several other police officers. The returning officers flashed a piece of paper at Mapp, and broke her door entering the residence. Mapp asked to see the â€Å"warrant† and took it from an officer, putting it down the front of her dress. The police fought with Mapp and regained the paper. They handcuffed the non-compliant Mapp for being belligerent. Police did not find the bombing suspect or the betting equipment during the conduct of their search, but found some pornography in a suitcase by Mapp’s bed. Mapp said that she had loaned the suitcase to a renter and the contents were not her property. Mapp was arrested, prosecuted, tried found guilty, and sentenced for possession of the pornography. No search warrant had been obtained during the course of the investigation of this case, and was not produced as evidence at her trial. When Mapp vs. Ohio reached the Supreme Court in 1961, the decided in a five to four decision that the exclusionary rule applies to the states. It concluded that other remedies, such as reliance on the due process clause to enforce fourth amendment violations had proven worthless and futile. In this landmark case, it changed the way law enforcement at the state level operated. Where illegally obtained evidence had been admissible in State Courts previously, now under the Mapp ruling this would no longer be tolerated. In another landmark case Terry vs. Ohio (392 U. S. 1 [1968]) Martin McFadden, a police detective for 39 years, was patrolling the streets of Cleveland, Ohio, on October 31, 1963. In the afternoon, McFadden saw two men, John Terry and Richard Chilton, hanging out on a street corner. McFadden’s training and experience told him the two men looked suspicious, so he began to watch them from nearby. As McFadden watched, Terry and Chilton took turns walking past and looking inside a store window, they did this twelve times. At that point a third man joined them for a brief discussion on the street corner. Ten minutes later they headed down the street in the same direction as the third man whom they had met. McFadden believed the three men were getting ready to rob the store they were casing. McFadden again through his training and experience believed the suspects were armed and dangerous. McFadden followed Terry and Chilton and confronted them in front of Zucker’s store with the third man. McFadden said he was a police officer and asked their names, and received only mumbled responses. McFadden grabbed Terry, spun him around to face the other two men, and frisked him. McFadden felt a gun inside Terry’s coat, and ordered the men inside the business. Inside, McFadden removed Terry’s overcoat and found a . 38 caliber revolver. McFadden ordered the three men against the wall, and patted them down. McFadden found an additional revolver in Chilton’s overcoat. Ohio convicted Terry and Chilton of carrying concealed weapons. In an eight to one decision, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Ohio stating the police officer’s training and experience in this case gave him â€Å"reasonable suspicion† a robbery was going to occur. This allowed him to stop and frisk the suspects, which led to him finding pistols on two of them. From this court case the Supreme Court concluded reasonable suspicion is required to stop and frisk a person. How to cite Warren and Rehnquist and the Effects of Major Court Cases on the Law Enforcement of Today, Essays

Microsoft free essay sample

Microsoft became more aggressive in application software for IBM- standard PCs. It began to bundle Word, Excel, and PowerPoint into a popular suite, MS Office. It also began to offer competitive upgrades discounts for customers who were switching from WordPerfect and Lotus 1-2-3. Starting in 1995 and all the way to 2008, MS was the dominant provider of word processors, spreadsheets, and presentation software. Internet Browsers. Bill Gates sent a memo to his top team in 1995, making it clear that their focus on the Internet is crucial to every part of their business. A section in the memo titled Competition highlighted Netscape as a new competitor born on the internet. Promising to embrace and extend the internet, MS released Internet Explorer (E), their own version of a web browser. It was offered for free and bundled with Windows. Soon after, versions of IE were available not only for Windows, but also for Apple and Unix OSs. We will write a custom essay sample on Microsoft or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page MS also made deals with Internet Service providers (ISPs) who agreed to install IE when they provided internet to their customers. They also went to he extent of allowing AOL to place their icon on the Windows desktop, even though they were competitors. Netscape tried keeping up but their costs went up and webmasters started optimizing their sites for IE and not Navigator. All of this prompted the U. S. Department of Justice to bring an antitrust case against MS in 1998. They said that MS abused the power of its OS monopoly in order to create a new monopoly in the browser market. n 2001 MS reached a settlement with the government where they were required to disclose ceratin aspect of its software code o other firms and prohibited discriminatory agreements with PC makers. It also barred MS from bundling other applications with Windows unless rival amkers had equal access to being bundled with Windows. Java. As the internet went up, so did a programming language called Java, from Sun M icrosystems. MS licensed Java from Sun in 195. MS then developed and promoted a version of Java that ran best with Windows and not so well across other platforms. Sun sued them for creating a polluted version of Java and later for making Java ncompatible with Windows XP. The government later found an e-mail from a MS employee that advocated stealing and killing Java. The settlement reached in 2004 included a $1. 6 billion payment to Sun and resolved the dispute. Linux. News about a new threat starting circulating throughout MSs top ranks: open-source software, more specifically the Linux operating system. At first, Linux was used mostly on servers, but it was predicted that they would soon expand to desktops and laptops. Microsoft launched a response to Linux to include customer education fforts, opening the MS server OS code to some degree, selling stripped-down versions of their server OS at lower prices, and looking for competitive weaknesses in Linux in a lab. Later on, MS made a deal with Novell to work with them to make Windows server OS compatible with Novells version of Linux. Customers were scared of being sued by MS for using Linux without permission, but MS promised not to sue people that didnt pay for Novells Linux, without saying anything about other Linux versions. Some people saw this as a threat.